AGSMR: Adaptive Geo-Source Multicast Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

We propose Adaptive Geo-Source Multicast Routing (AGSMR) for WSNs. It addresses the scalability issue of previous location based stateless multicast protocols in WSNs. AGSMR is a novel stateless multicast protocol that optimizes the location-based and source-based multicast approaches in various ways. First, it saves the cost of a tree building by using receiver’s geographic location information during the receiver’s the membership establishment stage without flooding. Second, it decreases computation time, in turn, energy usage by determining the multicast routing path at a multicast source node (or rendezvous point (RP)) rather than calculating and selecting neighbors at each forwarding node. Third, it reduces packet overhead by encoding with a small node ID instead of potentially large location information, and by adaptively using branch geographic information for common source routing path